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\paperw12245\paperh15817\margl1191\margr1134\margt1134\margb1191 \deftab1140\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\viewkind1\viewscale90 \fet0\sectd \linex0\headery0\footery0\colsx709\sectdefaultcl 
{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s23\qc\nowidctlpar\adjustright \b\lang2057\cgrid {CHINESE STUDIES IN UK SCHOOLS
\par }\pard\plain \qc\nowidctlpar\adjustright \lang2057\cgrid {\b\cf1\lang1033 British Association for Chinese Studies (BACS) briefing July 2005}{\lang1033 
\par }\pard \qj\nowidctlpar\adjustright {\lang1033 
\par }\pard\plain \s19\qj\nowidctlpar\adjustright \fs22\cf1\cgrid {\i\fs24 China is the world's fastest growing and most dynamic economy, and one of the most inf
luential regions of the globe. Yet China barely features in the UK schools' curriculum. Much more needs to be done to promote Chinese Studies - non-language as well as language - throughout the school system. 
\par }\pard\plain \qj\nowidctlpar\adjustright \lang2057\cgrid {\lang1033 
\par }\pard\plain \s8\qj\keepn\nowidctlpar\outlinelevel7\adjustright \b\cf1\cgrid {1 Introduction 
\par }\pard\plain \qj\nowidctlpar\adjustright \lang2057\cgrid {\cf1\lang1033 The British Association for C
hinese Studies has been actively involved in various initiatives over the years to promote the study of China and Chinese at different levels of the education system.   }{\lang1033 
\par }{\cf1\lang1033 
\par China is the world's fastest growing and most dynamic economy, set to overtake the UK
 as the world's fourth largest by 2005, and is one of the most influential regions of the globe. The UK government has on many occasions noted the importance to the national interest of developing our links with and understanding about China. As economic 
and cultural exchanges with China have expanded, student figures for relevant undergraduate courses in UKHEIs have steadily increased.  School interest in Chinese Studies is also on the increase, yet as}{\b\i\lang1033  }{\lang1033 
a comprehensive survey by BACS of the provision of Chinese Studies in UK schools \endash  language and non-language \endash }{\lang1033 \hich\af0\dbch\af16\loch\f0  }{\lang1033 
undertaken between 2002-2003 shows (report available on www.bacsuk.org.uk/SchoolsReport.pdf), there are severe constraints on such provision. BACS seeks to address these constraints through encouragi
ng curriculum development and teacher capacity development necessary to meet growing demand.  
\par }{\cf1\lang1033 
\par }{\b\cf1\lang1033 2 Current situation and needs}{\lang1033 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\qj\nowidctlpar\adjustright \i\cf1\cgrid {\i0 \hich\af0\dbch\af16\loch\f0 BACS has}{\i0  identified the following major obstacles to the development of Chinese Studies}{\i0 \hich\af0\dbch\af16\loch\f0  in UK schools}{\i0 :
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \qj\fi-360\li720\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\ls2\adjustright \lang2057\cgrid {\cf1\lang1033 lack of expertise among t
eachers: students are not taking up Chinese history options etc. because their teachers lack the background knowledge and confidence to teach it.}{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af16\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 \hich\af0\dbch\af16\loch\f0 The }{\cf1\lang1033 lack of easily accessible materials on China}{\cf1\lang1033 \hich\af0\dbch\af16\loch\f0  for}{\cf1\lang1033 
 incorporation }{\cf1\lang1033 \hich\af0\dbch\af16\loch\f0 into}{\cf1\lang1033  relevant subject areas}{\cf1\lang1033 \hich\af0\dbch\af16\loch\f0  }{\cf1\lang1033 of the National Curriculum.  }{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 
a general cultural myopia: the lack of awareness of China's growing global importance, the prevalence of outmoded stereotypes and a view of Chinese Studies as an \lquote add-on\rquote , relevant mainly for pupils from a Chinese ethnic background rathe
r than an essential and mainstream component of education for all}{\cf1\lang1033 \hich\af0\dbch\af16\loch\f0 .}{\lang1033 
\par }\pard \qj\li360\nowidctlpar\adjustright {\cf1\lang1033  }{\lang1033 
\par }\pard \qj\nowidctlpar\adjustright {\cf1\lang1033 There have been many positive developments over recent years:}{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \qj\fi-360\li720\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\ls3\adjustright {\cf1\lang1033 The ALL and SST Chinese Language Strategy Group, active Mandarin Teachers' Network (}
{\field{\*\fldinst {\cf1\lang1033  HYPERLINK "http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/main.asp?page=259" }{\fs20\cf1\lang1033 {\*\datafield 
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009d00002f43}}}{\fldrslt {\cs24\ul\cf2\lang1033 http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/main.asp?page=259}}}{\cf1\lang1033 ) and well-attended teacher training workshops.}{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 newly established PGCE programmes in Mandarin at Goldsmiths, Sheffield and Exeter}{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 SOAS runs a teaching certificate programme in Mandarin, and is conducting negotiations with the HanBan (the Chinese Ministry of Education\rquote 
s National Office for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language, NOCFL }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cf1\lang1033  HYPERLINK "http://www.hanban.edu.cn" }{\fs20\cf1\lang1033 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000017000000120000007700770077002e00680061006e00620061006e002e006500640075002e0063006e000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b3400000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e00680061006e00620061006e002e00650064007500
2e0063006e002f00000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs24\ul\cf2\lang1033 www.hanban.edu.cn}}}{\cf1\lang1033 ) about the establishment of a \ldblquote Confucius Institute.\rdblquote }{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 The DfES- and HSBC-funded British Council Schools Links programme}{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 The Manchester-based}{\b\lang1033  }{\lang1033 Chinese Arts Centre/Arts Council activities
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Kingsford Community School (primary), teaching Chinese to }{\i\lang1033 all}{\lang1033  its 600+ students 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 small-scale initiatives by the Scotland China Association, the Geography Association and one or two private curriculum content providers}{\lang1033 
\par }\pard \qj\nowidctlpar\adjustright {\cf1\lang1033   
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\qj\nowidctlpar\adjustright \i\cf1\cgrid {\i0 
Language studies look to be fairly well catered for by the new and developing initiatives. However, China is still not being addressed in most areas of the curriculum, in spite of the National Curriculum requirement for a global dimension: Chins still har
dly features when students study history, geography, business studies, economics, modern studies and literature.
\par }\pard\plain \qj\nowidctlpar\adjustright \lang2057\cgrid {\cf1\lang1033 
\par Much still needs to be done to expand Chinese Studies throughout the schools system. How is this expansion to be encouraged, staffed and supported? What are the curriculum development needs necessary to support such provision? 
\par 
\par The study of Japan and Japanese is supported by the Japan Festival Trust }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst { HYPERLINK http://www.jfet.org.uk/FS1.html }{\fs20 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000170000002000000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e006a006600650074002e006f00720067002e0075006b002f004600530031002e00680074006d006c000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b4000000068007400740070003a002f002f00
7700770077002e006a006600650074002e006f00720067002e0075006b002f004600530031002e00680074006d006c00000000000000534f46}}}{\fldrslt {\cs24\ul\cf2 http://www.jfet.org.uk/FS1.html}}}{ & the }{\cf1\lang1033 Japan Foundation }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\b 
 HYPERLINK http://www.nihongocentre.org.uk/index.html }{\b\fs20 {\*\datafield 
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004ba90b5600000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e006e00690068006f006e0067006f00630065006e007400720065002e006f00720067002e0075006b002f0069006e006400650078002e00680074006d006c00000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs24\ul\cf2 
http://www.nihongocentre.org.uk/index.html}}}{\cf1\lang1033 . No such organizations exist to support the study of China and Chinese.}{\b  }{\cf1\lang1033 
\par 
\par }{\b\cf1\lang1033 3}{\b\cf1\lang1033 \hich\af0\dbch\af16\loch\f0  }{\b\cf1\lang1033 Recommendations 
\par }{\lang1033 
\par }{\cf1\lang1033 BACS stresses the need for coordinated}{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \qj\fi-360\li770\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx770\ls7\adjustright {\cf1\lang1033 developmental and
 promotional work to increase the uptake of Chinese Studies and improve standards}{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \qj\fi-360\li720\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\ls4\adjustright {\cf1\lang1033 
human capacity development to support an expansion in Chinese Studies both in terms of teacher training as well as development of expertise within the education infrastructure  }{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 development of teaching materials across the schools' curriculum }{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 a structure of advisory support}{\lang1033 
\par }\pard \qj\nowidctlpar\adjustright {\cf1\lang1033   
\par }{\b\cf1\lang1033 Current efforts are often fragmentary. BACS would welcome:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \qj\fi-360\li720\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\ls8\adjustright {\b\cf1\lang1033 some form of co-ordination of existing initiatives and opportunities for developin
g Chinese studies; }{\cf1\lang1033 and}{\b\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}{\b\cf1\lang1033 new initiatives, which should seek to link in and build on existing work.}{\b\lang1033 
\par }\pard \qj\nowidctlpar\adjustright {\cf1\lang1033    }{\lang1033 
\par }{\i\cf1\lang1033 Proposed activities:}{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \qj\fi-360\li720\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\ls6\adjustright {\cf1\lang1033 
development work: build networks; awareness raising activities, including identification of curriculum development needs and }{\cf1\lang1033 \hich\af0\dbch\af16\loch\f0 adve\hich\af0\dbch\af16\loch\f0 rtising of }{\cf1\lang1033 any existing resources;   }
{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 
publications/handbooks for teachers and education decision-makers on incorporating Chinese Studies into the national/schools curriculum/email groups (for teachers/schools);   }{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 innovative curriculum projects/National Curriculum Websites}{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 innovative teacher training projects}{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 local projects linking schools/LEAs/regions}{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\cf1\lang1033 infrastructures li
nking China expertise in higher education with teacher trainers to establish best practice for dissemination and make recommendations for local and regional educational agendas}{\lang1033 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\b\cf1\lang1033 establishment of national/regional Chinese Study support and advisory centre(s).                             }{\b\lang1033 
\par }\pard \qj\fi60\nowidctlpar\adjustright {\lang1033 
\par }}